[ilevkivskyi]

Fixes #20828

This has no effect on self-check, but improves edge cases involving self-types and protocols where currently performance is very bad. For example, altair should be ~2x faster. Two things here:

• Use bind_self_fast() in situations where type_checker is not set (e.g. late stages of semantic analysis).
• Add lightweight cache for cases where full bind_self() is required.

cc @JukkaL

[JukkaL]

Daemon probably needs to clear the cache more often. Here is a fine-grained incremental test case that now fails:

[case testProtocolGenericSelfTypeBaseChanged]
import a
[file a.py]
from b import P
from d import C
def f(x: P) -> None: pass
f(C())
[file b.py]
from typing import Protocol
class P(Protocol):
    def meth(self) -> int: ...
[file c.py]
from typing import Generic, TypeVar
T = TypeVar("T")
S = TypeVar("S")
class Base(Generic[T]):
    def meth(self: "Base[S]") -> S: ...
[file d.py]
from c import Base
class C(Base[int]): pass
[file d.py.2]
from c import Base
class C(Base[str]): pass
[file d.py.3]
from c import Base
class C(Base[int]): pass
[out]
==
a.py:4: error: Argument 1 to "f" has incompatible type "C"; expected "P"
a.py:4: note: Following member(s) of "C" have conflicts:
a.py:4: note:     Expected:
a.py:4: note:         def meth(self) -> int
a.py:4: note:     Got:
a.py:4: note:         def meth(self) -> str
==

[github-actions]

According to mypy_primer, this change doesn't affect type check results on a corpus of open source code. ✅