Systems Programming

C, C++, Make, CMake, Embedded Systems, Operating Systems, Hardware and Low-Level Stuff

Overview

C/C++

• First steps
• source (.cpp) files, header files (.hpp)
• compilation g++ --std=c++2a <source> -o <ooutput>
• modules (.ixx) (C++20)
• console input/output <iostream>
• Control structures
  • conditions (branching)
  • if statement
    • simple if statement
    • chained if statement
    • nested if statement
  • switch statement
  • iterations (lopping/cycles)
    • while
    • for with counter
    • for with iterator
  • range-based-loop (C++20)
• Compilation and Linking: gcc, clang, msvc
  • compile and link simple program
  • compile and link static library (statically linkable)
  • compile and link shared library (dynamically linkable)
• User Defined Types: structures & classes
  • struct vs class: private vs public,
  • inheritance: public, private
  • explicit/default constructor & default destructor
  • deleted constructor, destructor
• Enumarations
• enum vs enum class
• Pointers & References
• Copy & Move Semantics
  • L, R values
• Templates
  • class and function template, selcialization, SFINAE
    • template parameter
    • template argument
• Concepts (C++20), Traits (C++11)
• C++ Standard Template Library (STL) STL data structures and algorithms.
  • containers
  • iterators

CMake

• Compilation and Linking: gcc, clang, msvc
  • compile and link simple program
  • compile and link static library (statically linkable)
  • compile and link shared library (dynamically linkable)

All examples can be build with these command.

cd path/to/example

Generate project files.

cmake -Bbuild -H. -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"

Build debug or release target.

cmake --build build --target 01_demo --config Debug
cmake --build build --target 01_demo --config Release

• cmake01_flatstructure: Project with flat structure without src or include directories.
• cmake02_subdirectories: Project with src and include subdirectories.
• cmake03_staticlibrary: Project with binary and linked static library.
• cmake03_sharedlibrary: Project with binary and linked shared library.

The standard CMake output

$ cmake --build build --target 02_demo --config Release
Microsoft (R) Build Engine verze 15.9.21+g9802d43bc3 pro .NET Framework
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. Všechna práva vyhrazena.

Vytváření sestavení bylo zahájeno 11.1.2019 12:50:02.
Projekt C:\Users\dlanda\projects\personal\cmake-templates\02_demo\build\02_demo.vcxproj v uzlu 1 (výchozí cíle).
Probíhá sestavení projektu C:\Users\dlanda\projects\personal\cmake-templates\02_demo\build\02_demo.vcxproj (1) -
C:\Users\dlanda\projects\personal\cmake-templates\02_demo\build\ZERO_CHECK.vcxproj (2) v uzlu 1 (výchozí cíle).
PrepareForBuild:
  Probíhá vytváření adresáře x64\Release\ZERO_CHECK\.
  Probíhá vytváření adresáře x64\Release\ZERO_CHECK\ZERO_CHECK.tlog\.
InitializeBuildStatus:
  Probíhá vytváření souboru x64\Release\ZERO_CHECK\ZERO_CHECK.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild v důsledku zadání AlwaysCrea
  te.
CustomBuild:
  Checking Build System
  CMake does not need to re-run because C:/Users/dlanda/projects/personal/cmake-templates/02_demo/build/CMakeFile
  s/generate.stamp is up-to-date.
FinalizeBuildStatus:
  Probíhá odstraňování souboru x64\Release\ZERO_CHECK\ZERO_CHECK.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild.
  Probíhá aktualizace časového razítka pro x64\Release\ZERO_CHECK\ZERO_CHECK.tlog\ZERO_CHECK.lastbuildstate.
Sestavení projektu C:\Users\dlanda\projects\personal\cmake-templates\02_demo\build\ZERO_CHECK.vcxproj (s výchozím i cíli) bylo dokončeno.

PrepareForBuild:
  Probíhá vytváření adresáře 02_demo.dir\Release\.
  Probíhá vytváření adresáře C:\Users\dlanda\projects\personal\cmake-templates\02_demo\build\Release\.
  Probíhá vytváření adresáře 02_demo.dir\Release\02_demo.tlog\.
InitializeBuildStatus:
  Probíhá vytváření souboru 02_demo.dir\Release\02_demo.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild v důsledku zadání AlwaysCreate.
CustomBuild:
  Building Custom Rule C:/Users/dlanda/projects/personal/cmake-templates/02_demo/CMakeLists.txt
  CMake does not need to re-run because C:/Users/dlanda/projects/personal/cmake-templates/02_demo/build/CMakeFile
  s/generate.stamp is up-to-date.
ClCompile:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.16.27023\bin\HostX86\x64\CL.exe
   /c /I"C:\Users\dlanda\projects\personal\cmake-templates\02_demo\include" /nologo /W3 /WX- /diagnostics:classic
   /O2 /Ob2 /D WIN32 /D _WINDOWS /D NDEBUG /D "CMAKE_INTDIR=\"Release\"" /D _MBCS /Gm- /EHsc /MD /GS /fp:precise
  /Zc:wchar_t /Zc:forScope /Zc:inline /GR /Fo"02_demo.dir\Release\\" /Fd"02_demo.dir\Release\vc141.pdb" /Gd /TP /
  FC /errorReport:queue "C:\Users\dlanda\projects\personal\cmake-templates\02_demo\src\core.cpp" "C:\Users\dlanda
  \projects\personal\cmake-templates\02_demo\src\main.cpp"
  core.cpp
  main.cpp
  Generování kódu...
Link:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.16.27023\bin\HostX86\x64\link.e
  xe /ERRORREPORT:QUEUE /OUT:"C:\Users\dlanda\projects\personal\cmake-templates\02_demo\build\Release\02_demo.exe
  " /INCREMENTAL:NO /NOLOGO kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uui
  d.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib /MANIFEST /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker' uiAccess='false'" /manifest:embed /PD
  B:"C:/Users/dlanda/projects/personal/cmake-templates/02_demo/build/Release/02_demo.pdb" /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /TLB
  ID:1 /DYNAMICBASE /NXCOMPAT /IMPLIB:"C:/Users/dlanda/projects/personal/cmake-templates/02_demo/build/Release/02
  _demo.lib" /MACHINE:X64  /machine:x64 02_demo.dir\Release\core.obj
  02_demo.dir\Release\main.obj
  02_demo.vcxproj -> C:\Users\dlanda\projects\personal\cmake-templates\02_demo\build\Release\02_demo.exe
FinalizeBuildStatus:
  Probíhá odstraňování souboru 02_demo.dir\Release\02_demo.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild.
  Probíhá aktualizace časového razítka pro 02_demo.dir\Release\02_demo.tlog\02_demo.lastbuildstate.
Sestavení projektu C:\Users\dlanda\projects\personal\cmake-templates\02_demo\build\02_demo.vcxproj (s výchozími c íli) bylo dokončeno.

Resources

• C++ reference https://en.cppreference.com/w/

• C++ core guidelines, https://isocpp.github.io/CppCoreGuidelines/CppCoreGuidelines

• https://cppinsights.io/s/35155190

• https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/moving-a-project-to-cpp-named-modules/

• https://www.jetbrains.com/help/clion/quick-cmake-tutorial.htm

• Bjarne Stroustrup

• Herb Sutter

• Scott Meyers

• Alexander Alexandrescu

• Alexander Stepanov