test_runner: capture process state in entry point instead of runner

The run() function in the test runner directly accesses process.execArgv,
process.cwd(), and process.env to configure child processes. This is
problematic because run() is part of the public API and should not depend
on ambient process state.

This commit moves those reads to the CLI entry point (test_runner.js) and
passes them as explicit options to run():

- main/test_runner.js: capture process.execArgv, process.env, process.cwd()
- runner.js getRunArgs(): use execArgv parameter instead of process.execArgv
- runner.js run(): default env to process.env for backward compat
- runner.js runTestFile(): remove process.env fallback (handled by run())
- runner.js run(): check env.NODE_TEST_CONTEXT for recursive run detection

Refs: #53867

Author: Krsna Suraj

lib/internal/main/test_runner.js

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ if (isUsingInspector() && options.isolation === 'process') {
 }
 
 options.globPatterns = ArrayPrototypeSlice(process.argv, 1);
+options.execArgv = ArrayPrototypeSlice(process.execArgv);
+options.env = process.env;
+options.cwd = process.cwd();
 
 debug('test runner configuration:', options);
 run(options).on('test:summary', (data) => {

lib/internal/test_runner/runner.js

@@ -206,8 +206,9 @@ function getRunArgs(path, { forceExit,
    * An example of such option are --allow-natives-syntax and --expose-gc
    */
   const nodeOptionsSet = new SafeSet(processNodeOptions);
+  const sourceExecArgv = execArgv.length > 0 ? execArgv : process.execArgv;
   const unknownProcessExecArgv = ArrayPrototypeFilter(
-    process.execArgv,
+    sourceExecArgv,
     (arg, i, arr) => !nodeOptionsSet.has(arg) && filterExecArgv(arg, i, arr),
   );
   ArrayPrototypePushApply(runArgs, unknownProcessExecArgv);
@@ -500,7 +501,7 @@ function runTestFile(path, filesWatcher, opts) {
   const subtest = opts.root.createSubtest(FileTest, testPath, testOpts, async (t) => {
     const args = getRunArgs(path, opts);
     const stdio = ['pipe', 'pipe', 'pipe'];
-    const env = { __proto__: null, NODE_TEST_CONTEXT: 'child-v8', ...(opts.env || process.env) };
+    const env = { __proto__: null, NODE_TEST_CONTEXT: 'child-v8', ...(opts.env ?? {}) };
 
     // Acquire a worker ID from the pool for process isolation mode
     let workerId;
@@ -732,7 +733,7 @@ function run(options = kEmptyObject) {
     argv = [],
     cwd = process.cwd(),
     rerunFailuresFilePath,
-    env,
+    env = process.env,
   } = options;
 
   if (files != null) {
@@ -907,7 +908,7 @@ function run(options = kEmptyObject) {
     validatePath(globalSetupPath, 'options.globalSetupPath');
   }
 
-  if (env != null) {
+  if ('env' in options) {
     validateObject(env);
 
     if (isolation === 'none') {
@@ -997,7 +998,7 @@ function run(options = kEmptyObject) {
   };
 
   if (isolation === 'process') {
-    if (process.env.NODE_TEST_CONTEXT !== undefined) {
+    if ((env?.NODE_TEST_CONTEXT ?? process.env.NODE_TEST_CONTEXT) !== undefined) {
       process.emitWarning('node:test run() is being called recursively within a test file. skipping running files.');
       root.postRun();
       return root.reporter;